Which breathing pattern is characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep, rapid breaths?

The breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea followed by deep, rapid breaths is known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This pattern is often associated with conditions that affect the brain, particularly the brainstem, as it regulates breathing. Cheyne-Stokes breathing typically involves an increasing depth of breaths followed by a gradual decrease, ultimately leading to a pause in breathing (apnea) before the cycle starts again.

This pattern is commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure, stroke, or severe brain injury, as these conditions can disrupt the normal respiratory drive due to damage to the central nervous system. Understanding this pattern is crucial for EMTs, as it can help indicate underlying medical conditions and guide appropriate responses in patient care.

The other breathing patterns listed have distinct characteristics. Kussmaul's breathing involves deep, labored breaths typically seen in metabolic acidosis, Biot's respiration consists of quick, shallow breaths followed by irregular periods of apnea, and agonal breaths are gasping, labored breaths seen in patients who are near death or in severe respiratory distress. Recognizing these differences ensures proper assessment and intervention.