What is identified as the #1 cause of airway obstruction?

The tongue is considered the #1 cause of airway obstruction because, in a relaxed state, especially in an unresponsive or unconscious individual, the tongue can fall back and block the airway. Its size and position make it a significant factor in obstructing airflow, particularly when a person is supine (lying on their back). This is critical for EMTs to recognize, as managing airway obstruction often involves ensuring the tongue is not obstructing the airway, such as through head-tilt and chin-lift maneuvers or appropriate positioning.

Other potential causes of airway obstruction, such as foreign objects, swelling of the larynx, and mucus accumulation, are also serious but occur under different circumstances. Foreign objects can cause immediate obstruction but are not as prevalent as the tongue acting as an obstruction especially in unconscious patients. Swelling of the larynx can occur due to allergic reactions or infections but varies in incidence. Mucus accumulation can obstruct the airway, particularly in patients with chronic lung conditions, however, the tongue remains the most common and immediate concern in emergency situations. Understanding the prevalence and mechanism of airway obstruction is vital for effective emergency medical response.